Forms of magic comprehension

Wizards: study magic over centuries expanding their library of knowledge, often teachers of the other types, abilities often found through study and trial and error 

Mages: comprehend magic almost as a language, can grow up with it and understand spectra through variantions of what they understand, applying water knowledge to understanding ice is easier than the mage comprehending magma magic

Sorcerers: are masters at often one type of magic, often taught by someone else as a skill

Acolytes: are given powers by a magical / divine entity

Alchemists: understand magic through the spectral world and use natural items to create magic from components and ingredients to then form magical items

Hexers: use sigils hexes and curses in a less flashy manor using knowledge gained through experience often supernatural

Patrons: similar to a acolyte however they will never be blessed with specific magical moves, however they receive blessings that grant them abilities and resistances depending on their leaders wishes